If Clause الجمل الشرطية يونت 3 في منهج السادس الاعدادي مع الامثلة وحل التمارين
If Clause الجمل الشرطية
لتراكيب الشرط اربعة انواع رئيسية في اللغة الانكليزية : اولا / Zero conditional ثانيا :First conditional
ثالثا : Second conditional رابعا : Third conditional
التراكيب الشرطية فيها جملتان . الأولى هي جملة if وهي الجملة التي تدخل عليها if , والثانية هي الجملة الرئيسية .
جملة if يمكن أن تأتي في البداية أو في وسط الجملة . فان جاءت في البداية فيجب ان نضع فارزة في نهاية الجملة الاولى بدل النقطة. وباختصار نسمي الفعل بعد الفاعل في جملة if بفعل الشرط . ونسمي الفعل في الجملة الرئيسة بعد will , would بجواب الشرط.
If clause if جملة Main clauseجملة رئيسية
Zero conditional Present simple فعلها مضارع بسيط Present simpleفعلها مضارع بسيط
First conditional Present simple فعلها مضارع بسيط will , can , may + فعلها (مجرد) بعد
Second conditional Past simpleفعلها ماضي بسيط Would , could+ فعلها ( مجرد بعد )
Third conditional Past perfect(had+ pp)فعلها ماضي تام Would, could+( have+ pp)فعلها
1- -نستخدم zero conditional عندما يكون الحدث في العبارة الرئيسية دائما حدث حقيقي اي يمكن ان يتحقق عندما تكون عبارة if حقيقية . وهنا يجب ان يكون فعل جملة if في المضارع البسيط وفعل الجملة الرئيسية ايضا في زمن المضارع البسيط. ويجب الانتباه الى الفاعل في جملةif قبل الفعل فان كان مفرد نضيف (s) له وان كان (have ) نحوله الى (has )
وان كان( be ) نحوله الى(is للفاعل المفرد و are للفاعل الجمع) اما اذا كان قبل الفعل not فيتحول الىdon't doesn’t
If you click on this icon , the compute saves your ********.
Plants die if you don't water them. لاحظ الفعلين في زمن المضارع البسيط
ملاحظة مهمة: في كلا الحالتينzero conditional و first conditional يجب ان نلاحظ الفعل المجرد بين الاقوال الذي ياتي بعد الفاعل في جملة if فان كان الفاعل مفرد مثل he , she ,it او اسم مفرد عاقل او غير عاقل نضع للفعل بين الاقواس (s) الشخص الثالث
فان كان الفعل هو ( be ) يصبح ( am , is , are ) حسب الفاعل مفرد ام جمع ام ( I ) وان كان ( have ) يصبح has بعد الفاعل المفرد ويبقى الفعل نفسه have بعد الفاعل I والفاعل الجمع they / you / we اما في جملة جواب الشرط فيبقى الفعل مجرد نفسه ونضع قبله will , shall
2- نستخدم first conditional ويكون فيها فعل الشرط في زمن المضارع البسيط ( وفي بعض الاحيان يكون الفعل مطولا نستخدم المضارع المستمر ) بينما يكون جواب الشرط في صيغة المستقبل البسيط ويتكون من :-
( فعل مجرد دائما ) + will , shall , can , may , might , should , going to
1. If you pass , what will you do next year?
2. If he gets a visa , he is leaving next week.
3. If you get here early , we can work on your project together.
4. If you do that again , I'm going to get annoyed.
5. If it isn’t too hot tomorrow , I might play tennis.
6. If he asks you for money , don’t give him any.
B /
1. If I ( not pass ) the high school exam, I ( take ) it again next year. ( correct the verbs )
2. If she ( not apply ) for a scholarship , of course she ( not get ) one. ( correct the verbs)
3. If anyone ( need ) advice about their application forms, I ( be ) here tomorrow to help. ( correct)
4. If he ( log on ) to the British Council site , he ( find) quite a lot of useful information about courses in Britain .
5. If you ( want ) to do a degree in Britain , you ( have to) do a one-year foundation course first.
6. Unless he ( make ) a big effort this term ,he ( not get through) the end-of-year exams.( correct)
7. If you are offered a place at Carnegie University, you ( accept ) it.
الاجابات
1. If I don’t pass the high school exams, I'll take it again next year.
2. If she doesn’t apply for a scholarship , of course she won't get one.
3. If anyone needs advice about their application forms, I 'll be here tomorrow to help.
4. If he logs on to the British Council site , he will find quite a lot of useful information about courses in Britain .
5. If you want to do a degree in Britain , you will have to do a one-year foundation course first.
6. Unless he makes a big effort this term ,he won't get through the end-of-year exams.
7. If you are offered a place at Carnegie University, you accept it.
Section 2 A / AB / page 51.
1. I can't get to sleep if I ( drink) a lot of coffee ( correct the verb. Use: zero conditional).
2. If I lend my brother CDs , he always ( lose ) them .
3. If you work in marketing . your job ( be ) to encourage people to buy .
4. If you're good at ********s , you ( be ) an interpreter . ( correct )
5. My parents get worried if I ( come ) home late. ( correct )
6. You need to improve your English if you ( want ) to study in Britain. ( correct )
7. Food ( go ) bad unless you ( keep ) it in fridge . ( correct the verbs . Use: zero conditional)
1.drink 2. Loses 3. is 4. can be 5. come 6.want 7. goes keepالاجوبة
B . AB / Page 51
1.If I ( not pass) the high school exam this year, I ( take) it again. ( Correct the form of the verbs)
2. If she ( not apply ) for a scholarship , of course she ( not get ) one. ( correct use. First conditional)
3. If anyone ( need) advice about their application forms , I ( be ) here tomorrow to help .( correct)
4. If he ( log on) to the British council site , he ( find) quite a lot of useful information about courses in Britain. ( correct the form of the verbs using first conditional)
5. If you ( want ) to do a degree in Britain , you ( have to ) do a one-year foundation course first .
6. Unless he ( make ) a big effort this term , he ( not get through ) the end-of-year exams.( correct )
7. If you are offered a place at Carnegie University, ( you accept it )? correct انتبه لهذا السؤال
الاجوبة
1. don't 'll take 2. doesn’t apply won't get 3. Needs I'll be
4 .logs on 'll find 5. Want 'll have 6. Makes won't
7. Will you accept it?
Unless هي الحالة النافية ل if الشرطية نعمل نفس الشيء للفعل بين الاقواس كما فعلنا في جملة if
C / AB . page 53.
Complete these sentences in the first conditional
1. If I really do in the exam ,……………………….
2. If you want to work in the media ,…………………
3. If my parents can afford it ,……………….
4. If I don’t get a place at …………………….
5. If you want to study ********s ,
1. I'll take the highest mark.
2. You 'll be popular .
3. I'll accept it.
4.University , I'll look for another one.
5. you can join the British Council .
بعيدة الحدوث وتكون في زمن الماضي البسيط Second conditional حالة الشرط الثانية
وهي تتحدث عن عبارات غير حقيقية وغير واقعية اي ان هذه العبارات لن تحدث مستقبلا . والقاعدة هي :-
اذا كان فعل الشرط في زمن الماضي البسيط فان جواب الشرط يتكون من ( مجرد + would / could )
الفعل في جملة if بين القوسين نحوله للماضي البسيط سواء باضافة ed ) ) او انه فعل شاذ اما اذا كان الفعل في جملة if هو ( be ) فيصبح ( was / were ) حسب الفاعل مفرد ام جمع او I * اذا كان الفاعل I وبعد الفعل (be ) you نحول be) ) الى were اي تصبح If I ( be) الى If I were you
اي لو كنت املك المال لاستطعت ان اشتري سيارة وهذا يعني اني لا املك المال.If I had money , I would buy a car.
Ex : If I was a pilot , I might go round the world.
Ex: If she studied harder , She would pass the exam.
Ex: If I were you , I 'd go to Britain to study .
Lesson 3 B / page 54 AB
Write sentences in the second conditional using the verbs in brackets.صحح الافعال بين الاقواس مستخدما حالة الشرط الثانية.
1. If I ( have ) lots of money , I ( buy ) a racehorse.( correct the verbs using the second conditional )
2. I ( not have ) to spend so long an my homework if I ( had ) a computer of my own .
(Re-write the sentences using the second conditional )
3. Where ( you choose ) to live if you ( can ) live anywhere in the world? .انتبه الى هذا السؤال
4. I ( learn ) to parachute if any friend ( say ) she would do it with me.
5. If I ( be ) you , I ( not ask ) his advice about anything .( correct with the second conditional )
6. She ( look ) much nicer if she ( wear ) contact lenses instead of glasses .
7. He ( be ) more attractive if he ( shave ) his bear off.
8. I ( not marry ) him even if he ( be ) the last man on earth.
الاجوبة
1. had would by 5. Were would not ask
2. Wouldn’t have had 6. Would look wore
3. would you choose could 7. Would be shaved
4. would learn said 8. Wouldn’t marry was
C. Oral class activity نشاطات صفية شفوية
1. If I had my own car , I'd take my friends on picnic every weekends.
2. If my father won a million pounds, I would buy myself a big house.
3. If I had one wish , I would be a doctor.
4. If I had three wishes, I would like to have blue eyes , be a doctor and live in Britain.
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D. Write 100 to 120 words beginning " If I was a millionaire"انشاء عن المليونير
If I was a millionaire
If I was a millionaire I would take my family on holiday to Turkey for a month. I would buy
A fabulous خرافي house where we could enjoy the luxury رفاهية life . After that I would spend a year travelling to many countries like The United States of America , UK ,France and Japan having nice days seeing the beautiful sighs of these countries .I would buy a chain of health clubs to support and help young people practice sports freely . Finally , I'd have flying lessons and buy my own plane to take me to different countries .
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الحالة الثالثة للشرط third conditional وهي مستحيلة الحدوث وتكون في زمن الماضي التام had+ pp ) )
قاعدتها اذا كان فعل الشرط في زمن الماضي التام اي فقصد الفعل المجرد بين الاقواس نحوله الى حالة التصريف الثالث للفعل
اي نحول الفعل بين الاقواس الى ( had + pp ) وهنا يجب الانتباه الى الافعال الشاذة . اما جواب الشرط في الجملة الرئيسية فيجب ان يتكون من ( would / should + have + pp ) اي ان الفعل المجرد في الجملة الرئيسية الثانية نحوله الى التصريف الثالث بعد اضافة would have قبله فان كان الفعل ( be ) في الجملتين او في اي جملة يصبح ( had been )
If he ( have ) a lot of money , he ( buy ) a new house . ( correct the verbs into third conditional )
If he has had a lot of money , he would have bought a new house.
The prefix ( dis ) تضاف هذه البادئة الى الافعال لاشتقاق المعنى المعاكس لهذه الافعال
Agree = disagree لايوافق like == dislike لايحب encourage == discourage انتبه الى هذه الكلمة
Approve disapproveيستنكر please = displease غير راضي obey = disobey يعصي / يتمرد
Connect disconnect يفصل trust = distrust يشك appear = disappear يختفي
الكلام المباشر والكلام غير المباشر Reported speech
1- اذا بدأ السؤال باداة استفهام مثل where , when , what , how long لا تحذف هذه الادوات بل تذكر عند الاجابة . يأتي بعدها الفاعل ثم الفعل الرئيسي بعد تحويله من المضارع الى الماضي ونحول الفعل الماضي الى الماضي التام باستخدام الصيغة had + pp) ) بالطبع نحوله للماضي اذا كان فعل القول هو ماضي مثل asked / told
2- اذا بدأ السؤال بفعل مساعد مثل do , does ) ) فانه يحذف عند تحويل الجملة الى الكلام غير المباشر ونعوض بدلهما ب if او whether ثم يأتي بعدها فاعل الجملة والفعل الرئيسي بعد تحويله الى ماضي بسيط
'Do you know " I asked him ======== I asked him if he knew .
3- اذا بدأ السؤال بالفعل Did فانه يحذف ونعوض ب if ثم الفاعل ثم الفعل had + pp) ) اي نحوله من الماضي الى الماضي التام had + pp) ) 'Did you have fun ?" she asked = She asked if I had had fun .
4- اذا بدأ السؤال بالافعال المساعدة التالية is , are , can , will نضع قبلها if ثم الفاعل ثم نحول هذه الافعال الى الماضي بعدها التكملة . يحدث ذلك لان فعل القول asked / told هو ماضي .
ملاحظات مهمة :
*- نحول الجملة الى الماضي اذا كان فعل القول ماضي مثل asked / told ))
*- اذا وجدنا في اخر سؤال الكلام المباشر I asked him فان him) ) تصبح he) ) بعد if عند الاجابة
'Do you know? " I asked him == I asked him if he knew.
*- اذا وجدنا في اخر سؤال الكلام المباشر he asked me فان ضمير المفعول به me يتحول الى I بعد if
' Are you ok ?' He asked me === He asked me if I was ok.
لاحظ Are تحولت الى was في الماضي لان الفاعل (I ) مفرد
*- اذا وجدنا asked ) + فاعل) غير متبوعة بضمير مفعول به مثل me او him في نهاية سؤال الكلام المباشر
فيجب ان نأخذ الفاعل من الجملة الاولى فان كان you نحوله الى (I ) وان كان الفاعل they / she) ) يبقى كما هو
Lesson 4 / A Page 56 AB
1.'Do you know?' I asked him ………………………………… I asked him if he knew
2.'Are you ok?' he asked me ………….. He asked me if I was ok . Are you I was
3.' What are you ding?' he asked me …………………….He asked me what I was doing.
4.'Did you have fun?' She asked ………………..……….She asked if I had had fun.
5.' Where has she been ? I asked …………………..……I asked where she had been.
6. ' What will they say?' she asked …………………..…..She asked what they would say.
7.'Can you help ?' he asked me ………………………He asked me whether I could help.
B / page 57 AB.
نحول الفعل الرئيسي الى الماضي لان فعل القول مثل asked / told ) ) هو ماضي
1.'How long have you been flying?' he asked ……………
2.'Do you still like the job?' She asked me ……………….
3. 'What's your favourite route ?' She asked me ……………..
4. ' How did you feel on your first solo flight?' She asked me …………………..
5.' Have you ever had a scary experience when flying?' he asked ………………….
الاجوبة
1.He asked how long I had been flying .
2.She asked me if I still liked the job.
3. She asked me what my favourite route was.
4. She asked me how I had felt on my first solo flight.
5. He asked if I had ever had a scary experience when flying.
D / page 58 AB
1. She asked me how long I had been flying.
- I told her it had been four years.
2. He asked me if I still liked the job.
- I told him that I still liked it.
3. He asked me what my favourite route was.
- I told him it was Basra – Istanbul .
4. She asked me how I had felt on my first solo flight.
- I told her that I had felt scary.
5. He asked if I had ever had a scary experience when flying.
- I told him that I had had a scary experience.
Lesson 5 page 59 AB
Regret الندم / التأسف
عبارات الندم او التأسف هي I wish / If only
( مع الجملة المثبتة ) تكملة + تصريف ثالث (pp + hadn’t ) + فاعل + I wish / If only
( مع الجملة المنفية ) تكملة + تصريف ثالث (pp + had ) + فاعل + I wish / If only
1. Unfortunately , I ate three bars of chocolate , that's why I felt sick.
- If only I hadn’t eaten three bars of chocolate.
2. Unfortunately , he fell over during the race . That's why he didn’t win.
( Re-write .Use if only to express regret )
-If only you hadn’t fallen over.
3. Unfortunately, you were rude to your brother . Now he won't give us a lift to the cinema .( use :wish)
- I wish you hadn’t been rude to your brother. been هو were التصريف الثالث للفعل
4. Unfortunately , I spent all my money at the weekends. ( Regret . Use : if only )
- If only I hadn’t spent all my money at the weekend.
5. Unfortunately , they didn’t trained ever day . That's why they lost the match.
- I wish they had trained every day.
6. Unfortunately , I left my camera at Fatin's house. That's why I couldn’t get a picture of the dolphin.
- I wish I hadn’t left my camera.
7. Unfortunately , she lost their address . That's why she couldn’t write to them.
- If only she hadn’t lost their address.
C / Page 60 AB
Write two regrets for each situation using I wish ……and If only……..
1. You were late for school today and got into serious trouble.
- I wish I'd got up early
- If only my father had given me a lift.
2. Your team lost the match on Saturday.
- I wish they'd had more training.
- If only they had changed the goalkeeper .
3. You got a bad mark in the last science exam.
- I wish the teacher had explained the questions.
- If only I hadn’t spent so long studying for English exam.
4. Your brother is very annoyed with you.
- I wish I'd asked him if I could borrow his MP3 player.
- If only I hadn’t dropped his MP3 player.
5. You didn’t lock the car and a thief stole some valuable things of yours from it.
- I wish I hadn’t left my things in the car.
- If only I 'd locked the car.
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