ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ( ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ : Prolactin) ﻫﻮ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺒﺘﻴﺪﻱ (ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ
ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ ﺃﺣﻤﺎﺽ ﺃﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ) ﻳﻔﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺺ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ
ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺤﻔﺰ ﻹﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺔ [ 1] ، ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ( ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﻲ) lactogenesis
ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ
ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺒﺘﻴﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻯ 199
ﺣﻤﻀﺎً ﺃﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎً ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ 24,000 ﺩﺍﻟﺘﻮﻥ . ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺒﺘﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ 3 ﺛﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ
ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ .
PIT 1 ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ ﺟﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ
ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ . ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ، ﻳﺤﻔﺰﻩ
ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﻳﺜﺒﻄﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺑﺎﻣﻴﻦ .
ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ
ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺺ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ
ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ( ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ
ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ) . ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻢ
ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﺎﺀ (ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪ) ، ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺔ ﺑﻺﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺑﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ
ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻓﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ . ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﺒﺪﻱ
ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﺔ ( ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ :
Thyrotropin-releasing factor ) ﺑﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ .
ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ
ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ
ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ :
.1 ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ : ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ
ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻬﻴﻴﺌﻬﺎ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻺﺭﺿﺎﻉ ، ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺇﺧﺮﻯ
ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ
ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻱ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻭﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻹﺭﺿﺎﻉ .
.2 ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻻﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ . ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ
ﻳﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺑﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ .
.3 ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻴﻌﻴﺔ
( ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ : Oligodendrocyte precursor cell ) . ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻋﻴﻦ (ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻠﻴﻦ ) ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ
ﻋﺼﺒﻲ Axon ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻱ .[ 2]
.4 ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﻔﺾ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ".. [3 ]
.5 ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻴﻦ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺳﺮﻓﺎﻛﺘﺎﻧﺖ .
ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ، ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﻴﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ
ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺿﺎﻉ .
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻴﺰ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮﻭﻥ
ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺿﺎﻉ، ﻓﺄﺛﻨﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻴﻊ ﺑﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ
ﺣﻮﻝ ﺣﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻱ . ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺩ ( ﺍﻟﻮﻃﺎﺀ) ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﺽ ﻏﺪﺓ
ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ .
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ
ﻛﻤﺜﺒﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺿﺔ .
ﻓﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻛﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻘﺐ
ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﺐ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ .. [4 ]
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻢ ﺃﻭ
ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ . ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻳﺜﺒﻂ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ
ﻣﻨﺒﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻳﺐ FSH ﻭﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻴﺔ GnRH
ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ .
ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻉ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ
ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺎﺕ .
ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ
.1 ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ .
.2 ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ( ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ) .
.3 ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺬﺍﻡ .
.4 ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ .
.5 ﻓﺮﻁ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﺔ ( ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ : TRH )
ﺃﻭ ( ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ : Thyrotropin-releasing factor )
ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻻﻛﺘﻴﻦ
.1 ﻧﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻬﻢ .
.2 ﻓﺮﻁ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺑﺎﻣﻴﻦ .
.3 ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ( ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ )
**********
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ
.1 ^ Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary v6 -
"prolactin "
.2 ^ Gregg C, Shikar V, Larsen P, et al (2007). "White
matter plasticity and enhanced remyelination in the
maternal CNS". J. Neurosci. 27 (8): 1812–23.
doi : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4441-06.2007 .
PMID 17314279 .
.3 ^ Prolactinoma - Mayo Clinic
.4 ^ Melmed S, Jameson JL (2005). Jameson JN, Kasper
DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL,
Longo DL ,. ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ . Harrison's principles of internal
medicine ( ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ 16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill
Medical Publishing Division. ISBN 0-07-140235-7
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