However, what has been said so far doesn't mean that nothing else can appear in a sentence with an intransitive verb. There are constituents which can occur with this class of verb. However, such constituents are optional rather than obligatory. In other words, they can appear, but unlike the NP in a verb phrase using a transitive verb , they do not have to. Constituents which act as adverbials (e.g. ADVP and PP ) behave in this way.
Example :1Ken snores very loudly
S_____P___________A
2The baby cried in the night
S________P__________A
Compare the constituents labelled A in ( 1 ) and (2). There is difference in form here , but not function. In other words the adverbial ( A ) in (1) has the form of an adverbial phrase (AdvP ) , THE Adverbial ( A ) in (2) has the form of a prepositional phrase (PP) . Again , this difference in terms of what the constituent is (its form ) and what it does ( its function )
The tree diagram as follows
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