هنا

[August]

( What is literature? )

1. ًWhat is Literature generally thought to mean?
Literature generally thought to mean those pieces of writing which, although many years and even centuries have passed still inspires admiration, reflection and emotion in readers.

2. Who will decide whether a book is Literature or not?
The critics will decide whether a book is Literature or not.

3. Does only older works can be called literature?
No, it doesn’t, because some books which are produced every year get
into literary magazines or onto the literary pages of newspapers.

4. Why is n'’t it easy to give an exact definition of what Literature is?
It is n'’t easy to give an exact definition of what Literature is because it is always changing.

5. Can detective stories be called literature?
It can’t be. We can let the critics argue about these things.

6. ًWhat is Literature for readers?
Literature is simply beautiful and meaningful writings for readers.

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( Why read Literature )

1. Why do we read literature?
We read Literature because it is enjoyable and it breaks down the
barriers between us.

2. What do stories allow us to escape from? How?
Stories allow us to escape from our daily lives by taking us to different times and places.

3. What is Literature a source of?
It is a source of knowledge and information.
4. With whom can we travel through the African jungle?
We can travel through the African jungle with Joseph Conrad.

5. How can we be set into the future?
We can we be set into the future by science fiction writers like
H.G.Wells.

6. What does Literature invite us to share?
It invites us to share in many different human experiences that we
can't usually experience.
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( Why analyse literature? )

1. Why do we analyse literature?
We analyse Literature to discover patterns of meaning and to
understand what the writer wants to say.

2. When does literary analysis happen?
Literary analysis happens whenever someone tries to understand
a literary ****.

3. When are we doing some form of literary analysis?
We are doing some form of literary analysis, every time we close
a book and think about what we have read.

4. What does analytical approach involve? What does it give us?
Analytical approach involves careful observation and drawing conclusion. It gives us the vocabulary we need to define and communicate our ideas about literary ****s.

5.What should we know before we analyse a ****?
We should know its setting where and when it happens) what the plot is the main events which make up the story) and who the characters are the people in the story or poem).

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( Focus on Poetry )

( What is Poetry? )

1. What is poetry according to the definition of one modern poet?
According to the definition of one modern poet, poetry, unlike prose, is a form
of writing in which few lines run to the edge of the page.

2. What did Robert Forest argue that poetry is?
He argued that poetry is the kind of thing poets write.

3. What do these two definitions inadvertently reveal? What are they?
They inadvertently reveal two important aspects of poetry. The first answer
tells us that the arrangement of the words on the pages is an important
element of poetry.
while the second emphasizes that there is a special “poetic” way of using
********.

4. What is poetry?
Poetry is the interplay between the meaning of words and their arrangement on
paper.
or as the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge put it: Poetry is the best words
in their best order.

5. What do poems share? What are they?
Poems share certain characteristics; they are imagery, ****phors and symbols
which make poetry dense with meaning.

6. What are sound features? What do they give the ********?
Sound features are rhyme, rhythm and repetition. They give the ********
a special musical quality.

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( Figures of Speech )

1. What is a figure of speech?
A figure of speech is any use of ******** which is made different from the normal or obvious use to create a different meaning or have an effect.

2. What is a simile?
A simile is a figure of speech in which two very different things are compared using the word “like” or “as”. A simile is made up of three parts: the tenor, the vehicle and the ground.
e.g. “Life is like a rollercoaster”.
e.g. “He is like a bull in a China shop”.
3. What is a ****phor?
A ****phor is a comparison which says that two things being compared are the same. Words such as “like” or “as” are not used. A ****phor is made up of three parts: the tenor, the vehicle and the ground.
e.g. “Love is a rose”.
e.g. “I’ve got butterflies in my stomach”.

4. What is personification?
Personification is a figure of speech used in literature. In it, an object or an abstract idea is described as if it was alive, and often as if it had human characteristics.
e.g. “My computer hates me”.
e.g. “The wind played with the trees, shaking the leaves from their branches”.
e.g. “The popcorn jumped out of the bowl”.