Modal Auxiliaries
اساسات يجب ان تتعلمها :
The modal auxiliaries (or modals) include the following:
can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would( أمثلة عليها )
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2- دائما تتبع بالفعل المصدر او فعل لشرط
Modals are always followed the base form of a verb or auxiliary verb.
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3- لها قاعدة واحدة مع الفاعل ولا يهم نوع الفاعل ان كان مفرد او جمع
Modals are always the same form no matter what the subject is.
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4- في القاعدة المستخدة في اللغة الامريكية الانجليزية القياسية لايمكنك استخدام اكثر من نوع واحد منها مع ذكر مثال :
In standard American English, a predicate verb phrase cannot contain more than one modal.
مثال صحيح ... correct
He will be able to go.
.. مثال خطأ ...........not correct
* He will can go.
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5- لاحظ في الامثلة التالية ان قاعدة الافعال المودل لاتتغير ذابته وتتبع دائما الفعل المصدر ولكم امثلة على ذالك
Below are example sentences containing the modal may and the verb go. Notice that the form of the modal does not change. Also notice that the base form of a verb or auxiliary verb always follows the modal.
I may go.
You may go.
He may go.
It may go.
We may go.
They may go.
He may have gone.
They may have gone.
He may be going.
They may be going.
He may have been going.
They may have been going.
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هذه الافعال دورها اضافة المعاني للفعل المطلوب ولكم هذه الامثلة وطريقة التعبير عن معاني الافعال...
Modals and related verb phrases add meanings to verbs. Below are some of those meanings:
1- التعبير عن القدرة والاستطاعة :
Ability/Availability
... المستقبل future: will be able to
المضارع .........present: can, am/is/are able to
past: could, was/were able to ............في الماضي
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2- الطلب :
Requests
present/future: can, could, will, would
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3- الاستئذان والسماح
Permission
future: will be allowed to
present/future: may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to
past: could, was/were allowed to
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4- الإمكانية
Possibility
present/future: may, might, could
past: may have, might have, could have
5- الاستحالة :
Impossibility
present/future: could not /can not
past: couldnnot
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6- النصح
Advisability
present/future: should, ought to, had better
past: should have, ought to have, had better have
ملاحظات في النصيحة( المقرر عليمكم ) :
1- تستخدم لاعطء النصيحة التحذيرية والقوية had better
والقاعدة هي :
had better or had better not +verb 1
2- لاعطاء النصيحة او طلب النصيحة العادية نستخدم :
should, ought to + verb1
3- لاعطاء نصيحة مخففة مهذبة نصيف كلمة think :
do you think Ishould take my car?
Ithink you ought to take your card>
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7- للتوقعات او التعبيرات
: Expectation
present/future: should, ought to
past: should have, ought to have
should ينبغي
ought to يجب أن
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هنا نستخدمها وفقا للطلب الاجتماعي ( بيناتنا يعني بين عامة الناس )
SOCIAL MODALS
The choice of modal depends partly on the social situation.
الاستخدامات :
دئما نستخدم لغة الرسمية كالتشديد والقوة والمفاجأة مع الناس الي لا نعرفهم مثل العاملين والدكاتره والمدرسين
We often use formal language with strangers (people we donot know) and superiors (people with some power over us such as our employers, doctors, and teachers).
ونحن غالبا ما تستخدم لغة غير رسمية مع شركائنا او من يساوينا في المكانه (أصدقائنا والأسرة) والمرؤوسين (الناس لدينا بعض السلطة على مثل موظفينا أو الأطفال).
We often use informal language with our equals (our friends and family) and subordinates (people we have some power over such as our employees or children).
للطلبات العامة : (المضارع/ أو المستقبل) :
هل يمكنك مساعدتي؟ (غير رسمية هل أنت مستعد؟)
هل لك أن تساعدني (رسمية هل أنت على استعداد؟)
هل يمكنك مساعدتي؟ (غير رسمية هل أنت قادر؟)
هل يمكن أن تساعدني (رسمية هل تستطيع؟)
General requests (present and/or future):
Will you help me? (Informal Are you willing?)
Would you help me (Formal Are you willing?)
Can you help me? (Informal Are you able?)
Could you help me (Formal Are you able?)
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لطلبات الحصول علىالإستئذان (المضارع / أو المستقبل) :
هل يمكن أن أ ترك الغرفة؟ (رسمي)
قد أترك الغرفة؟ (الرسمية نادرا ما تستخدم)
هل بامكاني أن أترك الغرفة؟ (أقل رسمية
يمكن أن أترك الغرفة؟ (غير رسمية)
Requests for permission (present and/or future):
May I leave the room? (Formal)
Might I leave the room? (Formal rarely used)
Could I leave the room? (Less formal
Can I leave the room? (Informal)
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التعبيرات ,الاقتراحات ,النصح ,التحذير ,الضرورة ,في المضارع والمستقبل
اختيارها يعتمد على وضع المتكلم والرسالة التي يود توصيلها اوكتابتها او كلاهما
Expressing suggestions, advice, warnings, necessity (present and/or future):
The choice of modal depends partly on the urgency of the message or the authority of the speaker/writer or both.
Suggestions:
You could see the doctor.
You might see the doctor.
Advice:
You should see the doctor.
You ought to see the doctor.
Warning/strong advice:
You had better see the doctor.
Strong advice/necessity:
You have to see the doctor.
You have got to see the doctor.
You must see the doctor.
No choice:
You will see the doctor.
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تذكير هام بالافعال المساعدة :
Auxiliary Verbs
English has three auxiliary verbs: be, do, have:.
A. Be is used as the auxiliary in continuous tenses and passive voice (in all sentences: affirmative and negative, statements and questions).
Forms without tense:
base: be
ing: being
participle: been
Forms with tense:
present: am, is, are
past: was, were
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B. Do is used as the auxiliary in simple past and simple present tenses (in questions and negatives only).
Forms without tense:
base: do
ing: doing
participle: done
Forms with tense:
present: do, does
past: did
C. Have is used as the auxiliary in perfect tenses (in all sentences: affirmative and negative, statements and questions).
Forms without tense:
base: have
ing: having
participle: had
Forms with tense:
present: have, has
past: had
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D. Be, do, and have are not always auxiliary verbs. They can also be main verbs. Main verbs are underlined in the examples below.
She is a student. ( is a verb)
She is studying English. ( is an auxiliary)
She does her homework. ( is a verb)
She doesnot enjoy homework. ( is an auxiliary)
Does she get good grades? ( is an auxiliary)
She has a computer. ( has is a verb)
She has used a computer for three years. (has is an auxiliary
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