| example |
weak form |
strong form |
word |
(Before
consonants)
a day / ə deɪ /
a room / ə ruːm / |
ə |
eɪ |
a |
(Before
vowels)
an arm / ən ɑːm /
an apple / ən æpl /
|
ən |
æn |
an
an |
(before
consonants)
the door / ðə dɔː /
the room / ðə ruːm /
|
ðə
|
ðiː |
The
|
(before
vowels)
the old / ðɪ əʊld /
the arm / ðɪ ɑːm / |
ðɪ
|
ðiː |
The
|
Black and white
/ blæk ən waɪt / |
ən |
ænd |
and |
Nice but weak
/ naɪs bət wiːk / |
bət |
bʌt |
but |
As good as gold
/ əz gʊd əz gəʊld / |
əz |
æz |
as |
(after p, t, k, f, θ)
That's fine /ðæts faɪn /
|
s
|
ɪz |
is
|
(after vowels and voiced consonants except (z, ʒ, ʤ)
John is here
/ ʤɒn z hɪə /
|
z
|
ɪz |
is |
(after s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ʤ, ʧ) the strong form
/ ɪz / is used )
Which is right
/ wɪʧ ɪz raɪt / |
ɪz |
ɪz |
is |
There was
/ ðeə wəz / |
wəz |
wɒz |
was |
(before
consonants)
They were here/ ðeɪ wə hɪə /
|
wə
|
wɜː |
Were
|
(before vowels)
they were eleven
/ ðeɪ wər ɪˈlevn / |
wər
|
wɜː
|
Were
|
(before
vowels)
to end / tʊ end /
|
tʊ
|
tuː
|
to
|
(before
consonants)
to stay / tə steɪ / |
tə
|
tuː |
to |
The colour of the door
/ ðə kʌlər əv ðə dɔː / |
əv
|
ɒv |
of |
From home
/ frəm həʊm /
From Jack
/ frəm ʤæk / |
frəm |
frɒm |
from |
Come for tea
/ kʌm fə tiː / |
fə |
fɔː |
for |
Come at once
/ kʌm ət wʌns / |
ət |
æt |
at |
Better than ever
/ betə ðən evə / |
ðən |
ðæn |
than |
He said that he was here
/hi: sed ðət i: wəz hɪə/
(demonstrative *
(that) is always used in strong form)
That man
/ ðæt mæn / |
ðət
|
ðæt
|
That
(relative pronoun) |
Did he win ?
/ dɪd iː wɪn / |
iː |
hiː |
he |
Give him two
/ gɪv ɪm tuː / |
ɪm |
hɪm |
him |
Take his name
/ teɪk ɪz neɪm / |
ɪz |
hɪz |
his |
(before
consonants)
Take her home
/ teɪk ə həʊm /
|
ə |
hɜː
|
her
|
(before vowels)
her aunt
/ hər ɑːnt /
|
ər
|
hɜː
|
her |
| Tell them / tel ðəm/ |
ðəm |
ðem |
them |
He told us
/ hi: təʊld əs /
|
əs
|
ʌs |
us
|
(only in let's)
let's go / lets gəʊ /
|
s
|
ʌs |
us |
(Before
consonants) how do they know / haʊ də ðeɪ nəʊ /
|
də
|
duː |
do
|
(Before
vowels)
how do I know? / haʊ dʊ aɪ nəʊ / |
dʊ |
duː |
do
|
When does he go?
/ wen dəz i: gəʊ / |
dəz |
dʌz |
does |
I'm tired(after I)
/ aɪm taɪəd /
(elsewhere)
|
m
|
æm |
am |
What am I?
/ wɒt əm aɪ / |
əm |
æm |
am |
(Before
consonants)
the boys are here
/ ðə bɔɪz ə hɪə/
|
ə
|
ɑː
|
are
|
(Before
vowels) the men are old
/ ðə men ər əʊld /
|
ər
|
ɑː
|
are |
Don't be rude
/ dəʊnt bi ruːd/ |
bɪ |
biː |
be |
(after s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ʧ ,ʤ)
The place has changed
/ ðə pleɪs əz ʧeɪnʤd/
|
əz
|
hæz |
has* |
(after p ,t, k, f, θ)
Jack's gone
/ ʤæks gɒn/
|
s
|
hæz |
has* |
(elsewhere)
John's been sick
/ ʤɒnz biːn sɪk/ |
z
|
hæz |
has* |
(after I, we, you, they) you've broken it
/ juːv brəʊkən ɪt /
|
v
|
hæv
|
*have
|
(elsewhere)
The men have gone
/ ðə men əv gɒn/ |
əv
|
hæv |
have |
(after I, he, she, we, you, they) they had left / ðeɪd left /
|
d
|
hæd
|
had
|
Elsewhere))
The day had been fine
/ ðə deɪ əd biːn faɪn /
*(has, have, had) should be used in strong form at the beginning and when they are main verbs
Have I had one?
/ hæv aɪ hæd wʌn / |
əd |
hæd |
had |
How can I help?
/ haʊ kən aɪ help / |
kən |
kæn |
can |
I shall be there
/ aɪ ʃl̩ bi: ðeə/ |
ʃl̩ |
ʃæl |
shall |
(after I, he, she, we, you, they)
He'll go / hiːl gəʊ /
|
l
|
wɪl
|
will
|
(after consonants except I) this will do
/ ðɪs l̩ duː / |
l̩ |
wɪl |
will |
(after I, he, she, we, you, they) I'd do it
/ aɪd duː ɪt /
|
d
|
wʊd
|
would
|
(elsewhere)
John would do it
/ ʤɒn əd duː ɪt/ |
əd
|
wʊd |
would |
I must tell him
/ aɪ məst tel ɪm/ |
məst |
mʌst |
must |
I need some
/ aɪ niːd səm / |
səm |
sʌm |
some |
| What do you think? / wɒt də jʊ θɪŋk / |
jʊ |
juː |
you |
There should be
/ ðə ʃʊd bɪ ː/ |
ðə |
ðeə
|
there |
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